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Form


The Present Perfect is constructed by using the verb "have" in the Present Simple as an auxiliary and the Past Participle form of the verb. 


+ Subject + Have/Has + Particple + Object

 - Subject + Have not/Has not (Haven't/Hasn't) + Participle + Object

? Have/Has + Subject + Have/Has + Participle + Object?


The Participle form of the verb has no change so it is the auxiliary that changes with the subject. 


I / you / we / you / they : Have

he / she / it : Has



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Function


We use the Present Perfect to talk about:


  • experiences in the past:


I have been to Madrid


  • without specific reference to time


Compare:


A) I have been to Madrid


B) I went to Madrid last year 


  • experiences that have an impact on the present


He has hurt his arm

(It still hurts now)


We have eaten too much

 (We still feel full now)



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